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it is a property of a body to resist change in the linear state of motion, a moment of inertia is the ability to resist change in its rotational state of motion.
It is measured by its mass.
Moment of inertia plays the same role in rotatory motion as is played by mass in Translatory motion, which means that if the body has a large moment of inertia it is difficult to start rotating or stop if it's rotating.
Eg. This is why engines are provided with Flywheel having a large amount of inertia.
Moment of inertia of a particle about an axis is defined as I=mr^2,
Where r is the distance of the particle from the axis of rotation.
Note-
Moment of inertia is not constant for a body it depends on the axis of rotation.
Moment of inertia depends on the mass of the body.
Moment of inertia depends on the distribution of mass about an axis.
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